CAS 204 Managing Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

9-The two key concepts I am going to use to justify my position are:

1. < Discrimination and Racism > and is described by < (Elias e al, 2021) and (Thurber et al, 2021)> as < Racism and discrimination are the organized and dynamic system through which the dominant group prejudice the other group by hierarchical ideologies, and behaviours that sustain a structure to disempowering inferior group and remove their access to vital resources (Elias e al, 2021). While Discrimination is the superior behaviour of one group due to racist beliefs and attitudes that lead to cumulative effects on physical and mental health of the discriminated group (Thurber et al, 2021)>.

Important features of this concept are:

1. <Torress Strait Islander and Aboriginal people in Australia have been subjected to racial discrimination since the European Colonial Era>
2. <they suffered racial policies and legislations that denied their human rights and risk their existence such as The White Australia Policy and Assimilation Policy>
3. < Racial discrimination can be institutional and systematic, that lead to unjust access to power, resources and materials, along with unfair personal interactions and privilege to one group (Durey et al, 2023)>

10-I argue this because according to < (Kairuz et al, 2021)> the target cohort experience < Torres strait islander and aboriginal people experienced dispossession, intergenerational trauma, racial prejudice, unfair treatment, and unequal valuation throughout the colonial and post-colonial era> by < governments policies, institutions, legislations and even general public from non-indigenous context>.

This is supported by the following evidence: 

1. <insert quotes or language> It is evident by (Socha, 2021); that Indigenous people suffered displacement, forced labour, removal of children, banning of indigenous language, and eradication of social, cultural and spiritual practices during colonization and post colonization era of 232 years.
2. <insert statistics> According to Reconciliation Barometer survey, 33% of the Aboriginal and Torress strait islander respondents experienced at least one form of racial prejudice during the last 6 months (Reconciliation Australia, 2018).
3. <insert the affect on people> Racist and discriminatory practices have resulted in worst health outcomes of indigenous community, as they have a 10% less average life expectancy, higher ratio of disability, physical and sexual violence and mental health conditions, compared to non-indigenous Australians (AHRC, 2014). According to HPF report (NIAA, 2017); indigenous Australians have a high level of psychological distress. Adult indigenous were found to have impaired secretion of the stress hormone, linked to the discrimination they experienced. As per the social survey report 2014-2015, 35% of the Australians reported unfair treatment, 23% reported to experience racial comments, jokes and name calling, 14% reported tease, while 9% experienced attitudes like last served, ignored or not trusted during interpersonal interactions.

-The implications for community services are:

1. <insert implication> <Providing Mental health support and counselling to indigenous and Torres Strait Island community>
2. 2. <insert implication> <Providing social, emotional and cultural well-being through support services and engaging community in health services>
3. <insert implication> <Providing support and counselling services to women who has been subjected to violence and sexual abuse and measures to avoid these>.

This is supported by the following evidence:

2. <insert quotes or language> According to (Page et al, 2022); Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people have poorer mental health outcomes with higher rates of suicide and hospitalization for mental and substance use disorders than non-indigenous people. They suffer social exclusion, cultural dislocation disadvantage and marginalization due to racial discrimination. Engaging Aboriginal communities in health providing services and developing partnership with local aboriginal people can increase the service capacity to be responsive as per the community requirements (Durey et al, 2016).
3. <insert statistics> in 2018-19, Almost 31% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian adults were found with high/very high level of psychological distress and needed help. There was a 52% increase in hospitalization rate for indigenous Australians due to mental health related conditions (Australian Government).
4. <insert the effect on people> Providing Mental health services and community engagements benefit Aboriginal community in reducing the impact of racism and empower them. It helps in developing meaningful and trusting relationships between the non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal individuals (Wright et al, 2021).
5. <Institutional Racism> and is described by < (Socha, 2021)> as < “the formal policies, practices, processes, and conditions that serve to increase power differentials between racial, ethnic, cultural, or religious groups”. Indigenous communities suffer institutional racism particularly in the health care services that negatively impact their health and wellbeing> .

Important features of this concept are:

1. <insert feature> Institutional racism leads to social and economic in-equalities
2. <insert feature> it causes disparities in healthcare opportunities and health conditions
3. <insert feature> it can impact the performance of any other institution such as police services and investigations

I argue this because according to < Elias & Paradies, 2021) > the target cohort experience <Indigenous and Torress strait islander experienced health disparities and poor health outcomes > by < due to this systematic racism of health care system >.