Causes of the Urinary Retention:
Health professional:
A study by Gupta et al. (2023) states the importance of awareness and training when practising bladder management as inadequate knowledge will lead to wrong assessments and incompetent management of urinary retention. if there is a lack of knowledge and education for accurate bladder scanning or catheterization, it will complicate the issue, further, the nurses must not perform these procedures as misdiagnosis and inadequate intervention will prolong the hospital stay and decrease the quality of; life.
Patient factor:
For surgical patients operative discomfort and pain is a common complaints that significantly affect the capability to void. Due to the pain, the patients avoid urination which increases the risk of urinary retention. Similarly, the area of surgery and type of surgery plays an important role as surgery in the pelvic or prostrate region contributes to this decision (Brouwer et al., 2021).
Procedural issues:
Since Bladder scanning and catheterization play a significant role when managing UR, any inaccurate bladder scan can exacerbate the situation. A research study by Chrouser et al. (2024), suggests that due to unfamiliarity with the equipment or the software, poor or improper catheterization technique techniques, or wrong timing for the removal of the catheter can complicate the treatment plan. Since the frequent exacerbation occurs due to incorrect catheterization there is a crucial need for standard training procedures.
Environment:
According to Clark et al. (2021), If there are limited resources such as fewer catheter supplies or not enough bladder scanners this will contribute to UR and will affect the treatment and management negatively. Limited access to crucial equipment will delay the treatment procedures along with the staffing levels as incompetent staff might not monitor the situation enough increasing the possibility of inadequate management and complications.
Deviations from Protocols:
Berendsen et al. (2021), state that the standard protocols are supposed to be adhered to for effective bladder management however it is common to see deviations from the procedure leading to inconsistencies in care management and increasing the risks of complications. The protocols and standards are set as the strict adherence to protocols of catheterisation and bladder management can reduce the occurrence of UR. Similarly, accurate documentation and proper monitoring of PVR and TBV are crucial for timely intervention and proper management to avoid exacerbations (Fafaj et al., 2022).
